repersentation of disability

The first shot is from above the characters at a high angle as one character sleeps and the other looks on. The composition of the shot showing the whole of the bedroom and the non-diegetic narration allows the audience to hear this characters thoughts and intentions without him actually speaking. Seeing the room from this angle above the character means that we can see his head and so it is as if we are hearing straight from the characters thoughts. The mise-en-scene in this shot shows no signs of either character having any disability such as anything to help move and also the room they are in seems a mess meaning that there seems no need for it to be easy to move around in. The miss-en-scene of the untidy room with two single beds, posters on the wall and what looks like a toy on the bed, suggesting that this would be a teenagers bedroom. 

When the shot changes to a medium close up of both characters it becomes clear that the character who is awake, sitting on the bed is able bodied compared to the sleeping character who appears to have down syndrome which then questions his physical disability. The editing then changes the shots by dissolving to the next image with a graphic match with the mouth onto the explosion. The next images seem to all be related to genetics and evolution and the image of the fish type thing shows lack of physical ability as it seems to be struggling to moving along the ground the image of the dinosaur also shows physical ability as the dinosaurs physical ability is limited due to its size and small arms. This could possible be suggesting the contents of the clip to come. Throughout this part of the clip the non-diegetic music in the clip adds mystery and humour which goes with the content and tone of voice of the narrator.

The next low angle shot establishes the location of the clip. The low angle shot could be from a persons view and emphasises the height of the block of flats and the fact that it would be difficult for someone who is not able bodied to get to the higher levels of the building. The fact that the clip is set in a block of flats also allows the audience to know that the family probably live in a town or city. During this point the non-diegetic music changes to a well-known song from the 60's this song adds to the humorous side that this clip seems to have.

The next shot is a close up showing the boy with the disability as he studies his breakfast cereal, allowing the audience to see how this possibly is more of a task for him that an able bodied character. However he clearly has physical strength and movement in his upper body as he is able to feed him self. His eyes appear to be different sizes also emphasising how this character may not be 100% genetically perfect. So far the clip has represented this character and disability not to make you completely dependant on others.

Even at this point we are seeing the disability and view from the view of the boy we assume is the brother, therefore suggesting that the boys view of ability is slightly bias also shown in the continuation of the narration and his definition of his illness. The composition of this close up changes as when the boy stands up, as he does the camera remains in the same place so at one point he blocks part of the camera. This is representing disability to be attention seeking as this is showing how the boy shown with out the disability is being slightly ignored by the camera at this point. The father is shown to be lenient towards the son with a disability however the mum does tell him off but with kind words, different to how a mother would normally be seen telling off a teenager.
A close up allows us to see the facial expression of the disabled son showing him to be quite malicious and sneaky. Also at this point the mother is shown to kiss this character but not the able bodied character. This is representing the disability in two ways. Firstly it represents them to be 'moddy coddled' and treated like an infant however this character appears to like being treated this way. The second way he is being represented is as the favourite son, who can get away with thing due to his disability.

The continuing close up shots allow you to see the limited action of each character and the facial expression as he tells the story about the pig. You expect that the boy with a disability would find this difficult to hear due to the earlier shown infant qualities however this does not appear to bother him. When the boy announces that he "needs a poo" at the kitchen table, this would be frowned upon and seen as bad manners from a person with no disability however this statement is ignored by the father in the clip and frowned by the able bodied character in his facial expression.
As the father tells him that he must help his brother "so he doesn't make a mess again" represents the character to be reliant of other people for physical things like going to the toilet.

The mise-en-scene and costumes allows both of the teenage characters to be shown as ordinary teenagers however props such as the slinky  suggest that the character with a disability bust have something to contain his mind while doing a simple task like waiting for the bus. The next clips that are showing previous events show how the able bodied boy seems to have to sort everything out for the disabled boy suggesting that the boy could not live without the others. It also shows how the able bodied boys life is restricted due to having a disabled brother. When the boy is shown pretending to shoot the brother this could be foreshadowing the events in the clip.

Overall the clip represents people with disabilities to be partly dependant on the able bodied, slightly malicious and finally it represents them to use there disability to their advantage. It represents the people around them to treat them like an infant and to favour them over their able bodied children. The clip represents able bodied characters to be envious and slightly jealous of the disabled character and also to be left out and to complete the more physical tasks created by the disabled character.

SKET Film

Homework

What significance does the continuing development of digital media technology have for media institutions and audiences? You should focus on FILM but you may make reference to other media such as Music, Newspapers, Radio, Magazines or Video games.

The advancing technology of digital recorders and cameras is changing the film making process and saving time and money. Now high tech digital video cameras are available the quality and ease of film making is being improved. Although the quality of films made with film are better in the long term digital films maintain their high quality for longer due to their wear of the film real when they are shown repeatedly in the cinema. 
Digital film making also makes it easier during the editing process. With films made on film it requires physically cutting the tape and putting it back together to get the required affect. With digital recordings the editing process is much simpler and has many different transitions and effects easily and readily available. Digital recording is also much cheaper than buying film rolls. 

With the use of CGI they are able to make films such as Shrek made in 2001 made by DreamWorks, United International Pictures and Argentina Video home. in this film instead of using actors they create animations to be in the film as the characters are not people they are ogres. These films can be made to a very high quality due to the high standard of this technology. CGI characters can be made so detailed that they even look life like as people or as animals. This film had a budget of $60,000,000 and made $267,652,016. 

Green screens allow the actors to be located to other places or scenes. They will be filmed in a studio in front of a plain green screen and then the background is changed so that they look like they are somewhere else. Green screens are often used when characters are flying or when they are somewhere that it would be impossible to be in real life. Lord of the rings a film produced by New Line Cinema and WingNut films is an example of a film that used green screens to create a locations and even to add CGI characters to the film to interact with the actors. This film had a budget of $93,000,000 and made $36,116,967. 

The advance in technology is especially popular with distribution stage of film making. It is a lot easier and cheaper to copy digital files in order to distribute them to cinemas rather than actually copying the rolls of tape.

The film audiences are also being advantaged by the advance in technology. One reason for this is the advance in blue ray from DVD’s and DVD’s advancing from videos. This gives the audience easy access to the films and allows them to watch at a high quality. Video on demand is also available on many different sites and forms of technology such as the internet, tablets and even on TV’s making it very easy and cheap to watch the newest films in the comfort of their own home. Technological convergence's allow the audience to consume the film on all different types of technology such as phones, tablets and on youtube making it easier. They can also find any trailer and watch it on demand creating the opportunity for free advertisement for the distribution company of the film. Home exhibition on video on demand and youtube is becoming one of the more common exhibitors of films.

Technology also allows 360 degree marketing to be easier as there are many more digital portals that they can advertise on for example social media sites, you tube, tablets and still televisions there are even electronic billboards meaning that the institution can surround the audience with advertising to the point that they feel they have to see the film or they are missing out.

There are also disadvantages of new technology for the production and distribution companies. For example with digitally recorded films piracy is made a lot easier than just going to the cinema and recording the film that would have low quality results anyway. They just get hold of one digital copy and then they can copy it on a huge scale losing the companies a lot of money. In order to prevent this they have a digital release date around the  world so that there is less need for piracy to happen as the film is available for everyone to see at the cinema at the same time.

There are now TV’s available with very large HD and 3D films meaning that they can consume the whole cinema experience at home. These however are very expensive and it is unlikely that many people actually own them. This means that the cinemas are once again offering some that is not cheap to have at home encouraging people to go to the cinema and therefore buying popcorn and drinks etc and spending money. IMAX is a cinema with an even bigger screen than cinema and even clearer and more realistic 3D therefore offering the audience an even more exciting experience and therefor making more money. 

Due to the new technology IMAX is so clear that the audience would try and reach out and grab things that are not actually there. There are now IMAX cinemas located all around the world, with quite a few of them in London. IMAX also affects the production of film as the film has to be filmed on IMAX film to be shown in IMAX, which is larger than normal film and more expensive. IMAX screens are 20m high and 26m wide compared to the average cinema screen which is 9m high and 21m wide. 

A disadvantages for the exhibitors of using digital technology is that in order to exhibit digital films the old equipment they have for showing the movies that are on a film is no longer any good meaning they need to buy new expensive equipment to show digital films.

Recently they have even advanced to 4D cinema's where the audience is actually physically affected by the film. For example the seats move, real bubbles will come from around the screen, they will let out smells, the audience may get sprayed with water or blown with air all in relevance to the film allowing them to feel as if they are actually in the film. 

The Selfish Giant

The selfish giant from TinaHartnell

Representation of gender in Doctor Who

Mise-en-scene, editing, sound and camera work can be used in order to represent gender.

First of all the mise-en-scene in the clip helps to establish the gender of each character through the costumes and make up. Firstly the woman in the clip can be seen to be wearing dark trousers and a dark coat, these are not often clothing that would be worn by a stereotypical feminine woman character so suggests that this character perhaps possesses some masculine features. The clothing worn by the man in control throughout the clip is wearing a suit, this goes with the fact that he is in control of the situation. This is also confirmed by the way he is controlling everyone at the beginning of the clip. The blonde female character is wearing a stereotypical feminine woman's outfit and make up. She also follows the crowed near the end of the clip suggesting that she has the stereotypical trait of following the crowd and just living her life the way that everyone else does. This female character is higher up on the shot suggesting that she has power over the man, which is often said within society that behind everyman there is a woman. The décor of the setting shows the audience that it is a sci-fi location shown with the gadgets and technology surrounding the characters. Showing the location allows the audience to understand that the man in the suit appears to have control of the whole world suggesting that he is a very powerful man. Its also very stereotypical that the man would have power over the many women in the room. When the doctor turns back from an alien to a man he also is wearing a suit so challenges the power of the other man in the room as to who is the 'alpha male'.

The camera shots, angles and composition can also be used to represent gender. The first shot is a close up of the mans face in focus with the guards bringing the prisoner woman in. This shot emphasises the mans power as it is clear in this shot alone that it is on his command that these characters are working under. This shot also allows you to see the serious expression on the characters face. The next shot shows all of the characters who appear to have a high status as they are on a balcony showing the status of each character. This shot is a low angle shot or possibly a point of view shot from the people who are not on the balcony once again establishing the status of these characters. They are a mix of both male and female suggesting that at this point gender is not affecting there status. The composition of the next medium shot shows the female prisoner central with two guards and there guns almost in a symmetrical layout. This shows how this character is completely under the control and at the mercy of these men showing the power. A close up of the action of the woman removing her 'transportation device' emphasises how vulnerable and defenceless she is, a common stereotype of women. As the shot changes to the prisoner character kneeling the camera uses a point of view shot showing how the woman is being forced to look up to the man who is in charge.

The editing can also be used in order to show gender within the clip. The clip uses fast straight cuts in order to keep continuity and achieve a fast pace for the clip. There are lots of point of view shots with eye line matches which show the facial expressions on each of the characters faces. The two women characters in what look sort of like nurses uniforms (a stereotypical job of a women) seem to show fear in there eyes suggesting that they are on the side of the prisoner girl. It is also stereotypical that they would be showing fear as women are stereotypical of this trait. 

 

Overall the females in the clip are shown to have less power than the men by giving them stereotypical traits such as being weak, defenceless and at the mercy of men. The roles of the men has been split in to different characters. Some of the men are portrayed in the beginning to be powerful and unbeatable but this soon ends up being questioned by the actions of the women and the other characters lead by the women. The clip shows how women seem to use there mind in order to get want they want and to make a difference shown when the woman has spent time planning how she will defeat this man. The man is shown to simply use weapons and guards in order to get his way but ultimately in this clip the woman triumphs.

Representation of Sexuality

Representation of sexuality
The costumes worn in the clip help to show sexuality and the show the difference in the treatment by society. The women characters in the scene are seen wearing long dresses that cover there entire body with the only flesh being shown is the face and hands. This suggests that they have to be covered up in order to be respectful and even when the two female characters are in bed they are wearing night clothes that cover their entire bodies. The richer women appears to lust over the other girl shown when she hovers her hand over the characters body as she sleeps. both of the girls are wearing a plain white night dress suggesting that they are pure contrasting with how the characters facial expressions suggest that her intentions are not entirely innocent. The male character is wearing a scruffy sort of suit suggesting that he is quite smart yet also quite rogue as shown in his behaviour. The clothing helps to separate the sexuality of the characters as stereotypically (especially at this time) men would wear the trousers and women the dresses. Neither of the women seem to be wearing make up so this continues to make them seem respectful and pure.
The décor in the girls bedroom suggests that one of them is very wealthy and it contains very stereotypical objects for women such as a dressing table and mirror. The girls are trying on a dress another stereotypical activity of a female character. At this point you can see the look that the wealthier lady's look of lust as she strokes her shoulders suggestively. At one point in the clip the richer lady character can be seen reading suggesting that she also has some intelligence and has learned to read unlike other people, less fortunate people at this time. Both women are wearing there hair the same in a very simple scraped back way suggesting that at this time hair and appearance were not as important as they are now. When the richer character draws the other female character this shows how she is longing for her and drawing the person desired is often seen in films as a sign of romance and desire.

Both of the female characters have high female voices that could not be mistaken for a males which just continues to show the sexuality of the women. Both of these women are very feminine unlike the typical stereotypes that you get with lesbians. The non diegetic music playing in the beginning of the clip helps to show the time period of the clip and the wealthiness of the characters due to the music being quite classical, music stereotypically listened to by the upper classes. The wealthier characters voice is heard as a narrator allowing the audience to hear her feelings and emotions at this point although her facial expression also suggests her thoughts. The symmetric sound of the poorer girls breathing is heard quite a lot at this point of the scene which seems to be enticing to the richer character.

The clip starts of with a match on action as the girl holds the dress up to the other girl showing the continuity and reality of the clip. It then does a straight cut in to a medium close up of the women showing the action of the woman as she strokes the other characters shoulders, this allows the audience to understand how the character is lusting after the other character and will use any excuse to touch her. When the clip then changes to the main character reading the book in the library it uses a dissolve to go from one clip to the other so for a short time both clips can be seen at the same time. This makes the clip flow and seem continuos as well as suggesting that time has passed and that the character is thinking about the previous events showing that it meant something to her. Once again when the shot change to the girls in bed it dissolves again once again showing the passing of time, also shown in the change of costumes showing that it is now night time. The next transition is a dissolve again and once again shows that the character is thinking of the actions seen in the previous clip. Also in both of the scenes the same character is asleep so helps to keep continuity as the clip goes on and adds a connection to the previous clip. This shot is showing the characters facial expression at what she is looking at, there is then an eye line match as it shows the girl sleeping so it becomes clear that her facial expression is lust and she it once again lusting after the other female character. A while later the shot changes to back to the woman admiring the sleeping woman and then back again to a close up shot of her chest. The shot does not stay on that for long. It then goes back to the face and then back to the sleeping woman for a final time but this time is a close up of her lower body which it stays on for even less time. These quicker cuts show how the first woman should not be looking at this and only takes a quick glance so as not to get caught. The facial expression becomes even more obvious that it is lust and there is then a cut to the whole seen when it becomes clear that the man has realised how she is lusting after the woman.
The cuts begin to get a bit quicker as the man is whispering in the woman's ear and shows an eye line match when he looks around to see if anyone is watching him when he try's to grab her wrist. This maintains continuity in the clip as it allows the audience to see each cut in order.
The camera starts of with a slowly zooming establishing shot showing the location and establishing the characters in the scene. It then changes to medium shots showing the action of the girls holding up the dress and the facial expression of the characters, especially the lustful expression on the wealthier characters face. These shots also allow the audience to see the feminine but plain features of the characters. When the camera shows the character reading the camera is a medium shot and slowly pans past her constantly moving representing the thoughts running through this characters head.